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Department of Biological Sciences and Environment and Natural Resources Institute
University of Alaska Anchorage
3211 Providence Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508-8104, USA
School of Psychology
University of New South Wales
Sydney 2052, Australia
*Correspondence: Dr Frank A. von Hippel Tel: 
1 907 786 4783 Fax: 
1 907 786 4607 e-mail:
affvh@uaa.alaska.edu